Jean watsons theory of Caring Free Essay Example, 1500 words

ean Watson’s Theory of Caring Module Module no: The Paper Born and brought up in West Virginia, USA, the name and works of Dr. Jean Watson are not unfamiliar in the field of nursing. Being dint of her innate compassionate feelings, great enthusiasm and dedication to the nursing profession, she has rendered valuables services for the cause of the suffering humanity, in the treatment of which she has made sincere and unflinching efforts for the last five decades. From the University of Colorado, she earned her undergraduate degree in nursing and psychology, her master’s degree in psychiatric-mental health nursing, and continued to earn her Ph. D. in educational psychology and counseling. (Cara, 2003) Though she has always taken personal interest in the convalescence procedure of the patients under her supervision, but also she obtained command over various departments of the nursing profession by earning her Doctorate in the discipline. Furthermore, she also presented a w onderful theory under the title â€Å"Carative Theory of Nursing†, where she has depicted divergent features and characteristics of nursing by paying special concentration upon the displaying sympathetic attitude towards the patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean watson's theory of Caring or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now She also authored books on the discipline, where she laid stress upon the significance of the behavior of the medical staff in the fast recovery of the patients. Watson presented his famous theory of caring in 1979, where she declares caring as an essential element to save the life of the patient. She is of the opinion that care is not confined to look after the patient under treatment according to the instructions issued by the hospital management or by the senior medical officials. On the contrary, caring contains complete code of ethics and morality in its wide scope, which includes complete involvement of the nurses in the personal, mental, physical, professional and even domestic problems of the patients for the creation of an amicable environment for sharing the pains and sufferings the patients are undergoing. Watson looks for the complete care of the diet and nutrition of the patient, which is not confined to the providing of diet only. Rather, a healthy and beneficial food is a must during the disease, so that the ailment could be mitigated with the use of healthy diet including fruits, meet, vegetables and nuts. It is particularly the case with the patients suffering from stomach problems and dehydration. The care of the patient with gastrointestinal disease is complex and challenging.

Essay on Ethics of Civil Disobedience - 1807 Words

Ethics of Civil Disobedience Ban animal cruelty! Give aid to the poor! Save the rainforests! Obey the law! As a human race we must strive to fulfill these commands, for they are our moral duties and obligations. Our obligation to morality sometimes leads to a dilemma. What happens when a law contradicts the morally right thing to do? Would it be moral to act illegally by breaking the law? No matter how drastic the measure, we are still required to act morally--even if one must break the law to do so. But why is it so important to be moral that one could justify something as serious as breaking the law? If morality is so significant that one could justify breaking the law we must consider the importance of being moral in the first†¦show more content†¦In Singer’s own words inspired by F.H. Bradley’s views on morality, â€Å"we can never get people to act morally by providing reasons of self-interest, because if they accept what we say and act on the reasons given, they will be only acting self-interestedly, not morally† (Singer 323). However, if morality is so important, are the motives behind acting morally really all that significant? According to psychological egoism â€Å"every human action is motivated by self interest† (Rachels 64). As humans we are incapable of acting unselfishly. So what makes anyone think we could behave morally for altruistic reasons? It is however possible for ethics and self-interest to find a common ground. As humans we are naturally benevolent. We care about the welfare of others--especially of those closest to us. Without close relationships we can never truly be happy. According to the American psychologist A.H. Maslow, Human beings have a need for self-actualization that involves growing towards courage, kindness, knowledge, love, honesty, and unselfishness. When we fulfill this need, we feel serene, joyful, filled with zest, sometimes euphoric, and generally happy. When we act contrary to our need for self-actualization, we experience anxiety, despair, boredom, shame, emptiness and are generally unable to enjoy ourselves. (Singer 327-328). In opposition of Maslow’s observation, we may consider the psychopath. â€Å"A person who is asocial, impulsive, egocentric,Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Impact On Civil Disobedience898 Words   |  4 Pages 4.5 War and Civil Disobedience Paper The ethical impact on civil disobedience can be familiar and justified well acknowledged refusal to obey, change, demand, the common laws that are ordered of a government, or of an occupying worldwide power. It is also a disobedience that is a representational or formalized violation of the law, rather than a denial of the system. Through evaluating the ethical issues involved in war and civil disobedience their concepts often are faced with governmentalRead MoreCivil Disobedience And The Civil War1047 Words   |  5 Pagesnational history was written, for the most part, as a result of civil disobedience. Breaking the laws that England imposed on the colonies was the first step in a revolution that established a new form of representative democracy. Most of the great social changes that have come about over the 200+ years of our existence had its roots in the embracing of breaking a law of the land dutifully enacted by a legislative body. Civil disobedience is the deliberate disobeying of a law, or government directiveRead MoreEssay on Civil Disobedience1532 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Civil disobedience is the term assigned to actions taken by individuals to sway public opinion about laws that individuals deem unfair or unjust. Actions taken are usually nonviolent, and can include sit-ins, mass demonstrations, picket lines, and marches. Citizens are acting on their consciences, demonstrating highly advanced moral reasoning skills. Generally, these advanced skills fall into Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development, Stage Five and Six in particular. Characteristics ofRead MoreThe Need For Civil Disobedience Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesTo grasp the meaning of Civil Disobedience one would have to say that it means the refusal to obey the civil laws so that the government can change the policy or legislation, characterized by the use of. I have read Thoreau’s essay on civil disobedience and the obligation that your conscience mind follows and in reading this it states that people should not let the governments overrule or atrophy their consciences and that we as people are obligated to not allow the government to make them agentsRead MoreThe Importance Of Social Justice1268 Words   |  6 Pagesserve justice to society.   This has been an unresolved issue for many years now.   People all over the country and the world are trying making efforts to bring a change for the betterment of society. (Wikipedia) Mohandas K. Gandhi preached about civil disobedience.   Satyagraha was the idea of nonviolent protest.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Satyagraha is fundamentally a way of life, which guides the modes of political activism undertaken by the followers of its principle (or satyagrahis). On a personal front it involves a lifeRead MoreCivil Disobedience in America1044 Words   |  4 Pagesobedient includes: religious beliefs, background, and work ethics. Civil disobedience played a large role in America. Creating protests, riots, and sit-ins, America had many examples of disobedience. In America, we value our rights as citizens and individuals. We have the right to protest as stated in the first amendment of the United States Constitution, which is called Freedom of Speech. According to the Webster Dictionary, civil disobedience is said to be â€Å"the refusal to obey government demands orRead MoreCivil Disobedience : An Important Part Of Society1712 Words   |  7 PagesCivil Disobedience in Democratic Society On December 1st, 1955 a 42 year old African American woman named Rosa Parks boarded a bus in Montgomery and refused to give up her seat to a white passenger after the whites-only section was filled. This is one of the most prominent examples of civil disobedience in history, as Rosa Parks’ refusal and arrest for her actions were in her own best interest as well as the interests of other people and against the segregation laws at the time; however, the blackRead MoreBreaking the Law or Civil Desobedience Essay example1642 Words   |  7 Pagescreate a just, moral change. Whenever a law is deemed unjust, there is good reason for breaking it to achieve justice. Civil Disobedience will never be legal and those who employ it should be willing to accept the penalty that comes with breaking a law. It has been shown through historic cases, modern examples, and the core values of a democratic society that show Civil Disobedience not only works, but should be used as a tool to demonst rate the moral objectives that are being sought. Considering someRead MoreEthics And Religion : Ethics1045 Words   |  5 PagesEthics and Religion There is definitely a connection between ethics and religions. However, the majority of religions moral responsibilities are generated by their gods; or god, they worship. In other words, religious individuals believe they must live by these set ethical rules provided by the higher power in order to be a good person. Yet, Buddhism worships no god, nor does atheist, still both can live a good life, and be a good person; with ethical standards, and without believing in a god. Read MoreMartin Luther King s Philosophy Of Nonviolence1649 Words   |  7 PagesKing was necessary to make people realize their ostracizing and oppressive beliefs may have been flawed make it evident that mere conscience cannot dictate what is right. (Ethics 100) In comparison, doing what is most loving can create problems too as one would find it difficult to respond to hostilities with hugs and kisses (Ethics 101). Even Utilitarianism still lacks a strong base to believe in. Interestingly, Rule-Utilitarian d oes contain the aspects of understanding nonviolence. Through rule-Utilitarianism

The Swimmer by John Cheever Free Essays

Mina Hanna ENGL 2130-010 Ms. Kilgore The Swimmer by John Cheever Oct 06, 2011 The Swimmer by John Cheever Neddy’s journey home through the pools of his neighborhood turns into a journey through many years of his life, showing that passage of time is inevitable, no matter how much one might ignore it. Neddy has mastered the art of denial. We will write a custom essay sample on The Swimmer by John Cheever or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the beginning of the story, the narrator tells us that Neddy is far from young, but he does his best to act young by sliding down a banister and dividing headlong into a pool. The long afternoon at the Westerhazy’s pool seems timeless, no different, we can assume, from many thers afternoons spent exactly the same way. As Neddy’s journey progresses, we see that time is actually passing much more quickly than Neddy realizes. Leaves and hedges turn yellow and red, the constellations in the sky change, and the air gets colder. Friends not at home when he expects them to be, he faces scorn from the people he would once scorned, his mistress wants nothing to do with him, and he learns that a friend has been very ill. All these changes have happened without Neddy’s knowledge. Neddy question his memory, but he also onders whether he has simply denied reality to a dangerous degree. His peers have acted their age and faced adult problems, whereas he has raised. Morshed 2 The pervasive consumption of alcohol throughout the story sharpens the distortion of time and Neddy’s sense of unhappiness. The drinking, serving, and desire for alcohol become significant motivators for Neddy as well as a way to measure his social standing. At the beginning of the story, everyone is complaining of having drunk too much the night before, but they have gathered companionably at the Westerhazys’ pool o drink again. Neddy drinks gin before he decides to swim from pool to pool, and his swim home is marked as much by fresh drinks as by new swimming pool. At the Bunkers’ party, Neddy feels comforted and happy when he is given a drink, whereas at the Biswangers’ party, he feels slighted by the way his drink is served. As his journey grows more difficult, Neddy wishes deeply for a drink but is often turned down, once at the Sachses’ and once at Shirley Adam’s. His desire for a drink grows strongly as he grows weaker, and the amou nt of alcohol he has consumed during is journey could explain clearly the harsh bewildering emotional place in which Neddy finds himself at the end of the story. Morshed 3 The pools that Neddy swims through as he makes his way home represent periods of time that Neddy passes through. At the beginning of the story, Neddy is strong and active, feels deep contentment with his life, and is admired by his friends. Warm is the sun, he feels like a legendary figure, as though there is nothing he can’t accomplish. As he progresses from pool to pool, however, Neddy changes. Physically, he grows eaker, unable to pull himself out of pool without a ladder and unwilling to drive in as he once did. Instead of being warm, he eventually feels chilled to the bone. Around him, the sunny summer day grows increasingly cooler, and a storm passes. The trees, meanwhile, lose their leaves, and the constellations change to those of autumn. His standing in his social circle has changed as well. Once r espected and given to snubbing those who are not part of his group, he is now snubbed by Grace Biswanger and the bartender at the party, Which Neddy is not aware that he has suffered. A lot has happened as he has been moving from pool to pool. Neddy has named the chain of pools the â€Å"Lucinda River†, invoking the security and longevity of his marriage and family, but his choice of name becomes sad and ironic when he winds up at his dark, deserted home. Neddy has taken Lucinda, just as he took his comfortable life, for granted. We don’t know much about their marriage, but we know of Neddy’s affair with Shirley, an affair he treated lightly and to which he attached no meaning. Morshed 4 The changes in weather and season that occur throughout the story mirror Neddy’s hanging life circumstances, particularly the deterioration of his comfort and security. At the beginning of the story, Neddy is warm in the sunshine, conscious of nothing but his own happiness and the pleasures of the day. As he begins his swim, the water and air are of comfortable temperature, and he can walk easily from pool to pool in his swim trunks. Shortly into his jo urney, a storm passes, making a turning point in Neddy’s plans. He is alone for the first time, waiting out the storm in a deserted gazebo; and when the storm ends, the warmth is gone. He is chilly, and the red and yellow leaves n the ground suggest falls. Neddy feels a peculiar sadness, the first time he feels anything other than happiness. Weather and season are not kind to Neddy from this moment on. He gets colder, sees more signs of fall, and changes from a robust traveler into a pathetic figure by the highway. Autumn arrives in full as Neddy finishes his journey, and the final pool he swims in has freezing cold water. Just as Neddy’s happy life has come to a close, the cycle of seasons has been completed as well, and it is clear by the end of the story that Neddy’s is entering the winter of his life. How to cite The Swimmer by John Cheever, Papers

Organizational Behavior Leadership in Health Care

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Behavior for Leadership in Health Care. Answer: Introduction: An individual who offers preventive, promotional, curative or rehabilitative medical services in a very systematic process to community, family or other people is regarded as the healthcare provider or a health professional. The term health professional involves all the distinct branches of a health organization i.e. medicine, pharmacy, surgery, midwifery, dentistry, nursing, and psychology. Within each field, expertise, practitioners, skilled and experienced members are being classified or promoted into team leaders. A team leader is an individual who provides specific direction, guidance and instructions in terms of an unambiguous field to a group of people in a team for achieving a distinct goal. An efficient and an effective team leader know the pros and cons of the team members and thereby develops strategies to motivate the members and strengthen the teams position (Borkowski, 2015). The key attributes of the leadership responsibility include influencing group actions and coping with the transformation. Even within large health care organizations, the several groups with linked subcultures might support or be in disagreement with each other. According to Ciulla (2014),there exists the need for a leader who requires exploiting on the variety within the association in total and competently utilizing wealth when scheming management process, while giving confidence to workers to function towards frequent goals. In this report the roles and values of a health care leader are going to be discussed and also the impact of poor leadership on the community and staffs of the health care system would also be discussed. Attributes of a team leader: As stated by Harrison et al. (2015), effective leaders in health services emphasize continually that safe, high quality; compassionate care is the top priority. They ensure that the voice of patients is consistently heard at every level; patient experience, concerns, needs and feedback (positive and negative) are consistently attended to. The quality of compassion and integrity is present naturally in a team leader, but leadership skill is attained through formal training and experience. An effective team leader is welcomed and trusted by all team members and it also boosts production within the workplace (Daft, 2014). As stated by Fernandez et al., (2015) a team leader should have a clear objective and direction while supervising and sustaining an interdisciplinary team in the health care sector. The leader should implement strategies and incorporate a specific set of values and transmit them to each and every member of the team clearly. Such attitudes and values of the team leader aid in achieving competency echelon to manage various patients and critical health case. The team leader keeps a check of the documentation of every single patient. He or she is a medical professional who monitors all the infrastructure of his department and keeps it up-to-date. Their focus is to give patient-centered care and feedback obtained from the service users is taken positively to construct and develop his teams performance (Harrison et al., 2015). According to (Huber, 2013), a team leader with an effective communication skill is very imported in order to transfer the information and ideas to all the team members. It might be in any field, this paramount quality of written and verbal communication is a significant attribute that helps to meet the expectation of the work presented. As discussed by Johnson 2013), a team member is an individual who also listens to the inputs of the other members of the team in the health care sector to boost up the moral and confidence. Moreover, this helps to develop trust among other members of the team, and the members feel that they are being respected. For example, during a surgery involvement of several doctors and nurses are observed. It is the team head who might be the senior most doctors or any other professional who guides the whole team and provide instructions based on their roles (Huber, 2013). As discussed by MacPhee et al. (2013), a quality team leader should be very honest and fair while dealing with the team. The fair action includes giving recognition to the good performance of team by rewards and acknowledgment. They also take disciplinary action if team members are not meeting the organization expectation or if they are negligent. Integrity is also a crucial characteristic of team leader. Such leaders are liked and respected by all as they treat everyone equally. They delegate the task to trustworthy team members. It helps team leader in health care organization in focusing on other activities such as improving hospitals function and extending the health care service. An effective leader should be a powerful facilitator too. As a facilitator team leader for health care profession explains the health care organization goal to each health care staff such as registered nurse, physicians, etc. In the case of handling any critical patient with a chronic disease or a burn patient, they make an appropriate plan with interdisciplinary health care team on how to start the treatment process and the role of each member in the process (Koh et al., 2013). According to Lavine (2014), the health care industry performs at a rapid speed and therefore there exist certain uncertainty. Considering situations where the health condition of the patient is deteriorating or a sudden emergency case, a team leader should be prepared with his team members to welcome and serve the clients with their best effort. A health care professional might face a variety of challenge, and therefore, he should be accustomed to such complicated situations. An effective leader knows how to plan for improvement, communicate the vision to each employee and how to implement plans. They understand that they are accountable for each activity, so they measure the success of all plans before implementing it (MacPhee et al., 2013). Healthcare industry is about building a health-related relationship with the client and different expert panels of a physician. According to Piccolo Buengeler (2013), a good health care leader is one who remains constantly involved at every level of the organization. They interact efficiently with the principal stakeholders like employees, physicians, patients, families, and the community. They know the skill how to integrate each relationship and unite all of them in particular health care service. Health care organization constantly redefines traditional practice structure and patient-centered model of care. Therefore having the above qualities will be helpful in managing these changes (Munir et al. 2012). In a health care organization, a team leader is encircled by knowledgeable physicians with a different area of expertise as well as experienced nursing and other employees. The team leader can with no trouble recognize new talents by sure parameters. Related to those parameters, they reflect on the person useful for the association and employ that person. As stated by Nancarrow et al. (2013), a team leader should be optimistic in every circumstance. They are extremely energetic and labor with a fervor for growing their organization. No leader is born with an innate talent to show a group the right direction. They also make a blunder and gain knowledge of them. They continually sharpen their skills. They look for for opportunities to expand their aptitudes. They hone their skills by reading article and books on leadership and attending seminars. Some also copy actions of other leaders or meet them to gain knowledge and get inspired them. They can learn ways of mentoring from them. Hea lthcare industry has advanced in developing cutting edge life-saving equipment, but they are lacking in quality mentoring. So leaders need to learn these skills. This skill will help leaders to learn many things early in their career. This kind of exposure in their career will help them to develop required competency in their field (Piccolo Buengeler, 2013). Consequences of poor leadership: A poor leadership results in negative consequences, and the cause of poor leadership is the lack of vision. As discussed by Stoller (2013), a consequence of a poor leadership results due an aimless leader. If there exist no specific objective in leadership there cannot be any systematic planning as well and the outcome of this the whole system gets hampered, and a lot of confliction arises. Such aimless goals also hamper the relationship between the team leader and the team member due to lack of trust. Moreover, the performance level of the team members leans down without proper planning and strategy. Furthermore, a poor leader exaggerates the problem and makes the situation more complicated (Rowitz, 2013). According to Stoller (2013), a leader with poor skills and knowledge cannot strategies proper plan and objective, mission and vision of the health care organization. Such a leader is incapable of balancing their strategies in accordance with the organizations norms and policies. Furthermore, some leaders do not know the significance of involving other members of the team in any sort of decision. Therefore, such actions lead to the development of gaps in between the relationship. Such a homogenous situation leads to problems and complications in their performance which indirectly affects the health care organization (Schyns Schilling, 2013). As discussed by Shrader et al. (2013), in the health care sector lack of strategic planning might have ill-effects on the patient. The works get hampered. Considering a patient with chronic kidney failure was instructed to apply dialysis by the physician to the nurse. If the instruction was not given properly or else without judging the experience or work span of the nurse the instruction was given and executed by the nurse, then there remains a probability of complication. Such execution of inexperienced or improper work might deteriorate the condition of the patient and even it could be fatal (Stoller, 2013). Healthcare also has a liability to communicate with the client or the patient and appreciate their affliction and health conditions. As discussed by Weaver et al. (2014), the complete survey and verification of the medical history of a patient is too important. So if leader explains to each staff member that they need to interact with patient regularly, any confusion from the patient side can be eliminated (Swayne et al., 2012). Impact of poor leadership: A leader has the capability to change the whole scenario of an organization. Poor leadership has several negative consequences on the organization. As stated by Valentine et al. (2015), a poor leader might lead to elevate the employee turnover rate, the low performance level of the workers, low moral values among the employees and also affects the reputation of the organization. "Work integrity is also hampered as poor leadership leads to erosion of professional values and ethics. A good leader acts as a light directing the organization towards excellence, but poor leadership is like a shadow which darkens many areas of the organization. In health care, poor leadership results in medical errors and poor quality of care. It happens because health care leaders do not communicate patient-centered goals to each member (Weaver et al. 2014). Leadership tools: According to Wheeler et al. (2013), recently there are many leadership tools that have been developed to measure the abilities and flaws of a leader. In terms of a health care sector also based on the health care leadership model several effective tools have been designed to identify the positive nature and the weakness of a team leader. Such tools can be utilized to assess or evaluate the strength and weakness of an individual. It will help me realize which dimension of health care leadership model is critical for me. I will rate myself by comparing my activity with those dimensions of health care models. I will also use this tool to evaluate the role of other team members. There are various leadership self-assessment tools now available to judge individual leadership skills. Several tools are also developed on healthcare leadership model. These exercises help leaders to identify their abilities and weakness and solve critical organization problems. According to Wheeler et al. (2013), these tools contribute to improving skills through assessment, learning, and practice. I will use this tool to understand my own behavior and identify strength and weakness. It helps me focus on those areas where I may be lagging in my work. The self-assessment tools are in the forms of questionnaires on our area of activity. It will help me realize which dimension of health care leadership model is critical for me. I will rate myself by comparing my activity with those dimensions of health care models. I will also use this tool to evaluate the role of other team members (Yukl, 2012). The assessment tool for judging a leader has various aspects depending on the field of activity. As stated by Wheeler et al. (2013), some of the evaluation aspect e the cognitive aspect, use of strong strategy, ability to achieve power and influence, recognition of the poor performance, ability to develop team management ability, effective empowerment, etc. For example, the cognitive exercise would help the leader to understand and exercise various strategies during the different situation. In situations where the patient and the family members are worried, a leadership tool exercises the strategies how to deal with such situations and how to help them to move towards a comfort zone. Moreover, the questionnaire tool have sets of questions which if answered would able to recognize an individual's strength and weakness (Wheeler et al. 2013). Conclusion: An individual who offers preventive, promotional, curative or rehabilitative medical services in a very systematic process to community, family or other people is regarded as the healthcare provider or a health professional. The key attributes of the leadership responsibility include influencing group actions and coping with the transformation. A team leader with an effective communication skill is very imported in order to transfer the information and ideas to all the team members. It might be in any field, this paramount quality of written and verbal communication is a significant attribute that helps to meet the expectation of the work presented. A poor leadership results in negative consequences, and the cause of poor leadership is the lack of vision. A leader with poor skills and knowledge cannot develop strategies proper plan and objective, mission and vision of the health care organization. Such a leader is incapable of balancing their strategies in accordance with the organiz ations norms and policies. Thus, it can be concluded that the report is a comprehensive detail on the values and competencies required by a team leader. It has highlighted the general skills required by a team leader working in any field. It has also explained the skills required for a team leader in health care industry. It has explained the consequences of poor leadership on the organization. Some examples have also been given related to the crisis in health care organization arising due to poor leadership. Finally, it has described assessment tool available for leadership assessment and how it can be helpful for individual and team members to develop their skills. References: Borkowski, N. (2015).Organizational behavior in health care. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014).Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO. Daft, R. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Fernandez, C. S., Noble, C. C., Jensen, E., Steffen, D. (2015). Moving the needle: A retrospective pre-and post-analysis of improving perceived abilities across 20 leadership skills.Maternal and child health journal,19(2), 343-352. Harrison, R., Walton, M., Manias, E., SmithMerry, J., Kelly, P., Iedema, R., Robinson, L. (2015). The missing evidence: a systematic review of patients' experiences of adverse events in health care.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(6), 424-442. Huber, D. (2013).Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Johnson, C. E. (2013).Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Koh, H. K., Brach, C., Harris, L. M., Parchman, M. L. (2013). A proposed health literate care modelwould constitute a systems approach to improving patients engagement in care.Health Affairs,32(2), 357-367. Lavine, M. (2014). Paradoxical leadership and the competing values framework.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 0021886314522510. MacPhee, M., Chang, L., Lee, D., Spiri, W. (2013). Global health care leadership development: Trends to consider.Journal of Healthcare Leadership,5, 21-29. Munir, F., Nielsen, K., Garde, A. H., Albertsen, K., Carneiro, I. G. (2012). Mediating the effects of worklife conflict between transformational leadership and healthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ care workers job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing.Journal of Nursing Management,20(4), 512-521. Nancarrow, S. A., Booth, A., Ariss, S., Smith, T., Enderby, P., Roots, A. (2013). Ten principles of good interdisciplinary team work.Hum Resour Health,11(1), 19. Piccolo, R. F., Buengeler, C. (2013).Behavioral approach to leadership. Oxford University Press. Rowitz, L. (2013).Public health leadership. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Schyns, B., Schilling, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 138-158. Shrader, S., Kern, D., Zoller, J., Blue, A. (2013). Interprofessional teamwork skills as predictors of clinical outcomes in a simulated healthcare setting.Journal of allied health,42(1), 1E-6E. Stoller, J. K. (2013). Commentary: recommendations and remaining questions for health care leadership training programs.Academic Medicine,88(1), 12-15. Swayne, L. E., Duncan, W. J., Ginter, P. M. (2012).Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons. Valentine, M. A., Nembhard, I. M., Edmondson, A. C. (2015). Measuring teamwork in health care settings: A review of survey instruments.Medical Care,53(4), e16-e30. Weaver, S. J., Dy, S. M., Rosen, M. A. (2014). Team-training in healthcare: a narrative synthesis of the literature.BMJ quality safety, bmjqs-2013. Wheeler, D. S., Geis, G., Mack, E. H., LeMaster, T., Patterson, M. D. (2013). High-reliability emergency response teams in the hospital: improving quality and safety using in situ simulation training.BMJ quality safety,22(6), 507-514. Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(4), 66-85.